A rapid and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of low-silica SAPO-34 with excellent MTO catalytic performance.

A rapid and eco-friendly route has been developed for the synthesis of SAPO-34 with short crystallization time (1-3 h), low silica content (as low as 6.2 wt%) and excellent methanol-to-olefin (MTO) catalytic performance by utilization of a recycled mother liquid at elevated crystallization temperature.

Passivation of Sodium Benzenesulfonate at the Buried Interface of a High-Performance Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cell.

The phase segregation of wide-bandgap perovskite is detrimental to a device's performance. We find that Sodium Benzenesulfonate (SBS) can improve the interface passivation of PTAA, thus addressing the poor wettability issue of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA). This improvement helps mitigate interface defects caused by poor contact between the perovskite and PTAA, reducing non-radiative recombination. Additionally, enhanced interface contact improves the crystallinity of the perovskite, leading to higher-quality perovskite films. By synergistically controlling the crystallization and trap passivation to reduce the phase segregation, SBS-modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.27%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.18 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.93 mA cm-2, and fill factor (FF) of 82.31%.

Research on depth measurement calibration of light field camera based on Gaussian fitting.

Optical field imaging technology does not require a complicated optical path layout and thus reduces hardware costs. Given that only one single exposure of a single camera can obtain three-dimensional information, this paper proposes an improved calibration method for depth measurement based on the theoretical model of optical field imaging. Specifically, the calibration time can be reduced since the Gaussian fitting can reduce the number of refocused images used to obtain the optimal refocusing coefficient calibration. Moreover, the proposed method achieves the same effect as the multiple refocusing calibration strategy but requires less image processing time during calibration. At the same time, this method's depth resolution is analyzed in detail.

Novel metabolic biomarker for early detection and diagnosis to the patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is classified as Siewert type II adenocarcinoma at the esophagogastric junction in Western countries. The majority of GCA patients do not exhibit early warning symptoms, leading to over 90% of diagnoses at an advanced stage, resulting in a grim prognosis, with less than a 20% 5-year survival rate. METHOD: Metabolic features of 276 GCA and 588 healthy controls were characterized through a widely-targeted metabolomics by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. This study encompasses a joint pathway analysis utilizing identified metabolites, survival analysis in both early and advanced stages, as well as high and negative and low expression of HER2 immunohistochemistry staining. Machine learning techniques and Cox regression models were employed to construct a diagnostic panel. RESULTS: A total of 25 differential metabolites were consistently identified in both discovery and validation sets based on criteria of p < 0.05, (VIP) ≥ 1, and FC ≥ 2 or FC ≤ 0.5. Early-stage GCA patients exhibited a more favorable prognosis compared to those in advanced stages. HER2 overexpression was associated with a more positive outcome compared to the negative and low expression groups. Metabolite panel demonstrated a robust diagnostic performance with AUC of 0.869 in discovery set and 0.900 in validation set. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 25 common and stable differential metabolites may hold promise as liquid non-invasive indicators for GCA diagnosis. HER2 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in GCA, as its overexpression is associated with improved survival. The downregulation of bile acid metabolism in GCA may offer valuable theoretical insights and innovative approaches for precision-targeted treatments in GCA patients.

Evaluation of the Immunity Responses in Mice to Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Displaying Newcastle Disease Virus HN Protein Truncations.

Bacillus subtilis, a probiotic bacterium with engineering potential, is widely used for the expression of exogenous proteins. In this study, we utilized the integrative plasmid pDG364 to integrate the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene from Newcastle disease virus (NDV) into the genome of the B. subtilis 168 model strain. We successfully constructed a recombinant B. subtilis strain (designated B. subtilis RH) that displays a truncated HN antigen fragment on the surface of its spores and further evaluated its immunogenic effects in mice. Using ELISA, we quantified the levels of IgG in serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in intestinal contents. The results revealed that the recombinant B. subtilis RH elicited robust specific mucosal and humoral immune responses in mice. Furthermore, B. subtilis RH demonstrated potential mucosal immune adjuvant properties by fostering the development of immune organs and augmenting the number of lymphocytes in the small intestinal villi. Additionally, the strain significantly upregulated the relative expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the small intestinal mucosa. In conclusion, the B. subtilis RH strain developed in this study exhibits promising mucosal immunogenic effects. It holds potential as a candidate for an anti-NDV mucosal subunit vaccine and offers a novel preventive strategy for the poultry industry against this disease.

Screening of core microorganisms in healthy and diseased peaches and effect evaluation of biocontrol bacteria (Burkholderia sp.).

Biological antagonists serve as the most important green alternatives to chemical fungicides, a class of microorganism that inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi to reduce fruit incidence. In this paper, healthy and diseased peach fruit was selected for amplicon sequencing of the epiphytic microbiota on their surface to obtain a comprehensive understanding. Community structure, diversity and LefSe analysis were performed to screen Acetobacter, Muribaculaceae and Burkholderia as the core bacteria, Mycosphaerella, Penicillium and Alternaria as the core fungi, they showed significant differences and were highly enriched. Two strains fungi (Penicillium K3 and N1) and one strain antagonistic bacteria (Burkholderia J2) were isolated. The in intro test results indicated the bacterial suspension, fermentation broth and volatile organic compounds of antagonistic bacteria J2 were able to significantly inhibit pathogen growth. In vivo experiments, peach was stored at 28 °C for 6 days after different treatments, and samples were taken every day. It was found that Burkholderia J2 enhanced peach resistance by increasing the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes such as SOD, POD, PAL, PPO, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR. The results improved that Burkholderia J2 has great biocontrol potential and could be used as a candidate strain for green control of blue mold.

Ciceribacter sichuanensis sp. nov., a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium isolated from root nodules of soybean in Sichuan, China.

The fast-growing rhizobia-like strains S101T and S153, isolated from root nodules of soybean (Glycine max) in Sichuan, People's Republic of China, underwent characterization using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. The strains exhibited growth at 20-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and up to 2.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.01%) on Yeast Mannitol Agar plates. The 16S rRNA gene of strain S101T showed 98.4% sequence similarity to the closest type strain, Ciceribacter daejeonense L61T. Major cellular fatty acids in strain S101T included summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) and C19:0 cyclo ω8c. The predominant quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids of strain S101T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, amino phospholipid, unidentified phosphoglycolipid and unidentified amino-containing lipids. The DNA G + C contents of S101T and S153 were 61.1 and 61.3 mol%, respectively. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness and average nucleotide identity values between S101T and C. daejeonense L61T were 46.2% and 91.4-92.2%, respectively. In addition, strain S101T promoted the growth of soybean and carried nitrogen fixation genes in its genome, hinting at potential applications in sustainable agriculture. We propose that strains S101T and S153 represent a novel species, named Ciceribacter sichuanensis sp. nov., with strain S101T as the type strain (= CGMCC 1.61309 T = JCM 35649 T).

Malignant arrhythmias detection using a synthesis-by-analysis modeling method of arterial blood pressure signal.

Extreme bradycardia, extreme tachycardia, ventricular flutter fib, and ventricular tachycardia are four malignant arrhythmias (MAs) that lead to sudden cardiac death. It is very important to detect them in daily life. The arterial blood pressure (ABP) signal contains abundant pathological information about four MAs and is easy to be recorded under domestic conditions. Thus, a synthesis-by-analysis (SA) modeling method for ABP signal was proposed to detect the four MAs in this study. The average models of MAs and healthy subjects were obtained by SA modeling, and the change of each ABP wave was quantitively described by twelve parameters of wave models. Then, the probabilistic neural network (PNN) and random forest (RF) are trained to detect the MAs. The experimental data were employed from Fantasia and the 2015 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge databases. The SA modeling results show that some pathological and physiological changes could be extracted from the average models. The two-sample ks-test results between different groups are markedly different (h = 1, p < 0.05). The detection results show that the performances of PPN classifiers are less than that of RF. The kappa coefficients (KC) for the RF classifiers are 97.167 ± 1.46 %, 97.888 ± 0.808 %, 99.895 ± 0.545 %, 98.575 ± 1.683 % and 92.241 ± 1.517 %, respectively. The mean KC is 97.083 ± 0.67 %. Compared to the performance of some existing studies, the proposed method has better performance and is potential to diagnose MAs in m-health.

Preoperative prediction of perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion with CT radiomics in gastric cancer.

Objectives: To determine whether contrast-enhanced CT radiomics features can preoperatively predict lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: A total of 148 patients were included in the LVI group, and 143 patients were included in the PNI group. Three predictive models were constructed, including clinical, radiomics, and combined models. A nomogram was developed with clinical risk factors to predict LVI and PNI status. The predictive performance of the three models was mainly evaluated using the mean area under the curve (AUC). The performance of three predictive models was assessed concerning calibration and clinical usefulness. Results: In the LVI group, the predictive power of the combined model (AUC=0.871, 0.822) outperformed the clinical model (AUC=0.792, 0.728) and the radiomics model (AUC=0.792, 0.728) in both the training and testing cohorts. In the PNI group, the combined model (AUC=0.834, 0.828) also had better predictive power than the clinical model (AUC=0.764, 0.632) and the radiomics model (AUC=0.764, 0.632) in both the training and testing cohorts. The combined models also showed good calibration and clinical usefulness for LVI and PNI prediction. Conclusion: CECT-based radiomics analysis might serve as a non-invasive method to predict LVI and PNI status in GC.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Accumulation and Conversion of Folate Derivatives during Germination of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds.

Folate was enriched during quinoa germination, while molecular mechanisms were not well understood. In this study, three quinoa varieties were selected for germination, and changes in substrate content and enzyme activity of the folate biosynthesis pathway were monitored. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF) and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) were significantly enriched in quinoa sprouts. Among the selected varieties, QL-2 exhibited the lowest content of the oxidation product MeFox and the highest total folate content. Based on transcriptome analysis, the p-ABA branch was found to be crucial for folate accumulation, while the pterin branch served as a key control point for the one carbon pool by folate pathway, which limited further folate biosynthesis. In the one carbon pool by folate pathway, genes CqMTHFR and CqAMT significantly contributed to the enrichment of 5-CH3-THF and 5-CHO-THF. Findings gained here would facilitate the potential application of quinoa sprouts as an alternative strategy for folate supplementation.

Cold-induced deposition of bivalent H3K4me3-H3K27me3 modification and nucleosome depletion in Arabidopsis.

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression plays a crucial role in plant development and environmental adaptation. The H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 have not only been discovered in the regulation of gene expression in multiple biological processes but also in responses to abiotic stresses in plants. However, evidence for the presence of both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 on the same nucleosome is sporadic. Cold-induced deposition of bivalent H3K4me3-H3K27me3 modifications and nucleosome depletion over a considerable number of active genes is documented in potato tubers and provides clues on an additional role of the bivalent modifications. Limited by the available information of genes encoding PcG/TrxG proteins as well as their corresponding mutants in potatoes, the molecular mechanism underlying the cold-induced deposition of the bivalent mark remains elusive. In this study, we found a similar deposition of the bivalent H3K4me3-H3K27me3 mark over 2129 active genes in cold-treated Arabidopsis Col-0 seedlings. The expression levels of the bivalent mark-associated genes tend to be independent of bivalent modification levels. However, these genes were associated with greater chromatin accessibility, presumably to provide a distinct chromatin environment for gene expression. In mutants clf28 and lhp1, failure to deposit H3K27me3 in active genes upon cold treatment implies that the CLF is potentially involved in cold-induced deposition of H3K27me3, with assistance from LHP1. Failure to deposit H3K4me3 during cold treatment in atx1-2 suggests a regulatory role of ATX1 in the deposition of H3K4me3. In addition, we observed a cold-induced global reduction in nucleosome occupancy, which is potentially mediated by LHP1 in an H3K27me3-dependent manner.

Role of Sox9 in BPD and its effects on the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and AEC-II differentiation.

The excessive activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway is an important regulatory mechanism that underlies the excessive proliferation and impaired differentiation of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC-II) in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Sox9 has been shown to be an important repressor of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and plays an important regulatory role in various pathophysiological processes. We found that the increased expression of Sox9 in the early stages of BPD could downregulate the expression of ß-catenin and promote the differentiation of AEC-II cells into AEC-I, thereby alleviating the pathological changes in BPD. The expression of Sox9 in BPD is regulated by long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5. These findings may provide new targets for the early intervention of BPD.

Flexible silicon solar cells with high power-to-weight ratios.

Silicon solar cells are a mainstay of commercialized photovoltaics, and further improving the power conversion efficiency of large-area and flexible cells remains an important research objective1,2. Here we report a combined approach to improving the power conversion efficiency of silicon heterojunction solar cells, while at the same time rendering them flexible. We use low-damage continuous-plasma chemical vapour deposition to prevent epitaxy, self-restoring nanocrystalline sowing and vertical growth to develop doped contacts, and contact-free laser transfer printing to deposit low-shading grid lines. High-performance cells of various thicknesses (55-130 µm) are fabricated, with certified efficiencies of 26.06% (57 µm), 26.19% (74 µm), 26.50% (84 µm), 26.56% (106 µm) and 26.81% (125 µm). The wafer thinning not only lowers the weight and cost, but also facilitates the charge migration and separation. It is found that the 57-µm flexible and thin solar cell shows the highest power-to-weight ratio (1.9 W g-1) and open-circuit voltage (761 mV) compared to the thick ones. All of the solar cells characterized have an area of 274.4 cm2, and the cell components ensure reliability in potential-induced degradation and light-induced degradation ageing tests. This technological progress provides a practical basis for the commercialization of flexible, lightweight, low-cost and highly efficient solar cells, and the ability to bend or roll up crystalline silicon solar cells for travel is anticipated.

Cholesterol lowering in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice using Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolases with different substrate specificities.

The cholesterol-lowering effect of lactic acid bacteria with high activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is unclear. We believe that distinguishing BSH substrate specificity is necessary to study the effect of various BSH enzymes. We engineered a BSH mutant enzyme recombinant strain named F67A, which exclusively hydrolyzes taurocholic acid (TCA) using site-directed mutagenesis, and a previously lab-constructed BSH recombinant strain, YB81 that exclusively hydrolyzes glycocholic acid (GCA). We also constructed the recombinant strain named NB5462, which carries the empty pSIP411 plasmid and was used as a blank control strain. The intestinal flora in pseudo-germ-free (PGF) mice in which intestinal flora were eliminated via antibiotics, and F67A successfully reduced serum cholesterol levels in high-cholesterol diet-fed mice, whereas YB81 did not yield the same results. However, YB81 regained its cholesterol-lowering capacity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with intact intestinal flora. The cholesterol-lowering mechanism of F67A involved modifying the bile acid pool through BSH enzyme activity. This adjustment regulated the expression of intestinal farnesoid X receptor and subsequently elevated hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), effectively reducing cholesterol levels. Conversely, GCA, the substrate of YB81, was found in minimal quantities in mice, preventing it from inducing changes in bile acid pools. In the presence of intestinal flora, the YB81 BSH enzyme induced notable alterations in bile acids by regulating changes in the intestinal flora and BSH within the flora, ultimately resulting in cholesterol reduction. This is the first study investigating the substrate specificity of BSH, demonstrating that different substrate-specific BSH enzymes exhibit cholesterol-lowering properties. Additionally, we elaborate on the mechanism of BSH-mediated enterohepatic axis regulation.

RNA-Seq profiling of circular RNAs in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious illness that develops suddenly, progresses rapidly, has a poor treatment response and a high mortality rate. Studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNA) play a critical role in several diseases, but their role in ALI remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify circRNAs that are associated with ALI and investigate their potential molecular mechanisms. A comparison of lung circRNA and microRNA expression profiles in mice with ALI and controls was performed by RNA-sequencing. A bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed (DE) RNAs, to construct competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, and to analyze their function and pathways. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was generated by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database, and hub genes were identified using Cytoscape. Furthermore, a key ceRNA subnetwork was constructed based on these hub genes. Overall, we found 239 DE circRNAs and 42 DE microRNAs in ALI mice compared to controls. Additionally, the molecular mechanism of ALI was further understood by building ceRNA networks based on these DE genes. ALI-induced circRNAs are mostly function in the inflammatory response and metabolic processes. Moreover, DE circRNAs are primarily involved in the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Seven hub genes were derived from the PPI network of 191 genes, followed by the construction of circRNA-miRNA-hub gene subnetworks. In this study, circRNA profiles are remarkably changed in mice with LPS-triggered ALI, and their potential contribution to the disease is revealed.

New insight into PAH4 induced hepatotoxicity and the dose-response assessment in rats model.

PAH4 (sum of benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[b]fluoranthene) has been proposed as better marker than benzo[a]pyrene to assess total PAHs exposure in foodstuffs. However, the toxicological behaviors of PAH4 combined exposure remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate PAH4 toxicity effects with non-targeted metabolomics approach and evaluate the external and internal dose-response relationships based on benchmark dose (BMD) analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage with vehicle (corn oil) or four doses of PAH4 (10, 50, 250, 1000 µg/kg·bw) for consecutive 30 days. After the final dose, the liver, blood and urine samples of rats were subsequently collected for testing. The concentrations of urinary mono-hydroxylated PAHs metabolites (OH-PAHs) including 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHB[a]P), 3-hydroxychrysene (3-OHCHR) and 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene (3-OHB[a]A) were determined to reflect internal PAH4 exposure. Our results showed PAH4 exposure increased relative liver weight and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and caused hepatocyte swelling and degeneration, implying hepatotoxicity induced by PAH4. Serum metabolomics suggested PAH4 exposure perturbed lipid metabolism through upregulating the expression of glycerolipids metabolites, which was evidenced by markedly increased serum triglyceride (TG) level and hepatic TG content. Additionally, urinary OH-PAHs concentrations presented strong positive correlations with the external dose, indicating they were able to reflect PAH4 exposure. Furthermore, PAH4 exposure led to a dose-response increase of hepatic TG content, based on which the 95% lower confidence value of BMDs for external and internal doses were estimated as 5.45 µg/kg·bw and 0.11 µmol/mol·Cr, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggested PAH4 exposure could induce hepatotoxicity and lipid metabolism disorder, evaluating the involved dose-response relationships and providing a basis for the risk assessment of PAHs.

Identification of tryptophan metabolism-related genes in immunity and immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease.

Recent studies have highlighted the significant involvement of tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a comprehensive investigation of the precise role of tryptophan metabolism in the context of AD is still lacking. This study employed a bioinformatics approach to identify and validate potential tryptophan metabolism-related genes (TrpMgs) associated with AD. The discovery of TrpMgs was facilitated through the intersection of the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) test and 17 known tryptophan metabolism pathways. Subsequently, the putative biological functions and pathways of the TrpMgs were elucidated using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA). Furthermore, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method was applied to identify hub genes and evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the 5 TrpMgs in distinguishing AD. The relationship between hub TrpMgs and clinical characteristics was also investigated. Finally, in vivo verification of the five TrpMgs was performed using APP/PS1 mice. We identified 5 TrpMgs associated with AD, including propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit beta (PCCB), TEA Domain Transcription Factor 1 (TEAD1), Phenylalanyl-TRNA Synthetase Subunit Beta (FARSB), Neurofascin (NFASC), and Ezrin (EZR). Among these genes, PCCB, FARSB, NFASC, and TEAD1 showed correlations with age. In the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, we observed down-regulation of FARSB, PCCB, and NFASC mRNA expressions. Furthermore, PCCB and NFASC protein expressions were also down-regulated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Our study paves the way for future research aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying tryptophan metabolism dysregulation in AD and its therapeutic implications.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus provides insights into the genetic characteristics and adaptive evolution of large scallops.

Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791), a deep-sea Atlantic scallop, holds significant commercial value as a benthic marine bivalve along the northwest Atlantic coast. Recognizing its economic importance, the need to reconstruct its genome assembly becomes apparent, fostering insights into natural resources and generic breeding potential. This study reports a high-quality chromosome-level genome of P. magellanicus, achieved through the integration of Illumina short read sequencing, PacBio HiFi sequencing, and Hi-C sequencing techniques. The resulting assembly spans 1778 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 86.71 Mb. An intriguing observation arises - the genome size of P. magellanicus surpasses that of its Pectinidae family peers by 1.80 to 2.46 times. Within this genome, 28,111 protein-coding genes were identified. Comparative genomic analysis involving five scallop species unveils the critical determinant of this expanded genome: the proliferation of repetitive sequences recently inserted, contributing to its enlarged size. The landscape of whole genome collinearity sheds light on the relationships among scallop species, enhancing our broader understanding of their genomic framework. This genome provides genomic resources for future molecular biology research on scallops and serves as a guide for the exploration of longevity-related genes in scallops.

The role of NaHS pretreatment in improving salt stress resistance in foxtail millet seedlings: physiological and molecular mechanisms.

Salt stress is a prevailing abiotic stress in nature, with soil salinization becoming a pressing issue worldwide. High soil salinity severely hampers plant growth and leads to reduced crop yields. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas signal molecule, is known to be synthesized in plants exposed to abiotic stress, contributing to enhanced plant stress resistance. To investigate the impact of sodium hydrosulfide hydrate (NaHS, a H2S donor) on millet's response to salt stress, millet seedlings were subjected to pretreatment with 200 µM NaHS, followed by 100 mM NaCl stress under soil culture conditions. The growth, osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant characteristics, membrane damage, and expression levels of related genes in millet seedlings were detected and analyzed. The results showed that NaHS pretreatment alleviated the inhibition of salt stress on the growth of foxtail millet seedlings, increased the proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as the expression levels of SiASR4, SiRPLK35 and SiHAK23 genes under salt stress. These findings demonstrated that NaHS pretreatment can enhance salt tolerance in foxtail millet seedlings by regulating the content of osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing electrolyte permeability, and activating the expression of salt-resistant genes.